It supplies nerves to (“innervates”) cardiac and smooth muscle tissue. The autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary actions such as internal-organ function and blood-vessel movement. The PNS can be further subdivided into the autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system. It is comprised of sensory receptors, which process changes in internal and external stimuli and communicate that information to the CNS. The peripheral nervous system includes a large system of nerves that are linked to the brain and spinal cord. It synthesizes sensory input to compute an appropriate motor response, or output. The main function of the CNS is the integration and processing of sensory information.
The brain is the body’s main control center. The central nervous system includes the spinal cord and the brain. The neurons responsible for taking information to the CNS are known as afferent neurons, while the neurons that carry the responses from the CNS to the PNS are known as efferent neurons. After processing, the CNS “tells” the PNS what to do-what muscles to flex, whether the lungs need more oxygen, which limbs need more blood, any number of biological processes-and the PNS makes it happen through muscle control.
The general flow of information is that the peripheral nervous system (PNS) takes in information through sensory neurons, then sends it to the central nervous system (CNS) to be processed. Synapses form between the neurons, allowing them to communicate to other neurons or other systems in the body. The basic unit of the nervous system is the neuron. The nervous system allows organisms to sense, organize, and react to information in the environment.
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